Attributes
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 Chemical Names: BISMUTH
 Molecular Formula: Bi
 Molecular Weight: 208.9804 g/mol

Application

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 Characteristics: Crystalline, brittle metal, with reddish tinge. Soluble in nitric and hydrochloric acids. Highly diamagnetic (mass susceptibility -1.35 X 106). Expands 3.3% on solidification.  Electrical resistivity higher in solid than in liquid state. Extrudable at 437oF, not fabricable at room temperature. Brinell hardness 7. Thermal conductivity is lowest of all metals except mercury. On heating it burns to form the oxide.

 Derivation: Debismuthizing of lead bullion by (a) fractional crystallization, (b) electrolytic (Betts) refining, or (c) addition of calcium or magnesium (Betterton-Kroll process) which removes bismuth.

Description

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Bismuth is a brittle metal which is silvery in colour with a pink tinge. It is stable in air and water. It has poor thermal and electrical properties and finds applications in the manufacture of fusible alloys, a range of materials with low melting points which are suitable for various applications including solders and thermal fuses. Pure bismuth shows a high absorbtion of gamma rays which makes it useful as a filter or window for these particles, whilst at the same time permitting the passage of neutrons.

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